PUBLIC POLICY (SHORT NOTES)-

TANMOY MUKHERJI INSTITUTE OF JURIDICAL SCIENCE

Dr. Tanmoy Mukherji

Advocate

 

PUBLIC POLICY (SHORT NOTES)-

Tanmoy Mukherji

Advocate

MEANING-

Public policy refers to the principles, plans, and courses of action adopted by the government to address public issues and achieve desired goals for the welfare of society.

KEY FEATURES-

→Goal oriented

→Government initiated

→Public welfare focused

→Based on values and priorities

→Dynamic and responsive

→Enforced by law and authority

TYPES OF PUBLIC POLICY-

→Economic Policy

→Social Policy

→Political Policy

→Environmental Policy

→Educational Policy

→Health Policy

POLICY MAKING PROCESS-

→Problem Identification

→ Policy Formulation

→ Decision Making

→ Implementation

→ Evaluation

IMPORTANCE-

→Addresses public problems

→Promotes welfare and equity

→Ensures orderly governance

→Guides decision making

→Promotes development

→Strengthens accountability

E GOVERNANCE-

E Governance refers to the use of information and communication technology (ICT) by the government to deliver services to citizens, improve efficiency, transparency, and promote participation in the governance process.

OBJECTIVES-

→Provide better citizen services

→Improve transparency and accountability

→Increase efficiency and effectiveness

→Reduce corruption

→Promote participatory governance

→Bridge the digital divide

KEY COMPONENTS-

Online Services: Delivery of government services online

Information Management: Efficient management and sharing of information

Process Re-engineering: Simplifying and automating government processes

ICT Infrastructure: Strong digital infrastructure and connectivity

Capacity Building: Training and skill development of government employees

BENEFITS-

→Easy access to services

→Time and cost saving

→Greater transparency

→Improved accountability

→Efficient resource management

→Enhanced citizen satisfaction

EXAMPLES IN INDIA-

Digital India: Transforming India into a digitally empowered society

UMANG App: Unified Mobile Application for New-Age Governance

DigiLocker: Secure digital storage of documents

e-NAM: Electronic National Agriculture Market

GSTN: Goods and Services Tax Network

GOOD GOVERNANCE-

Good governance refers to the exercise of power in a manner that is efficient, transparent, accountable, inclusive and responsive to the needs of the people.

PRINCIPLES OF GOOD GOVERNANCE-

Participation: Involvement of all stakeholders in the decision-making process

Rule of Law: Fair and equal application of laws

Transparency: Open and accessible information

Accountability: Answerability for actions and decisions

Effectiveness: Achieving desired results and outcomes

Efficiency: Optimal use of resources

Equity and Inclusiveness: Fairness and equal opportunities for all

Responsiveness: Timely and appropriate response to needs

Sustainability: Ensuring long-term development and environmental protection

IMPORTANCE-

→Builds trust in government

→Promotes social justice and equality

→Reduces corruption

→Improves quality of public services

→Supports sustainable development

→Enhances national and global reputation

INDICATORS-

→Low corruption

→Political stability

→Government effectiveness

→Regulatory quality

→Rule of law

→Control of corruption

→Voice and accountability

"Good governance is the cornerstone of a just, prosperous and democratic society."

NITI AAYOG-

NITI Aayog (National Institution for Transforming India) is the think tank of the Government of India, established on 1st January 2015. It replaced the Planning Commission.

OBJECTIVES-

→Foster cooperative federalism

→Promote competitive federalism

→Encourage participative approach

→Formulate long-term strategies and policies

→Support sustainable development and inclusive growth

FUNCTIONS-

→Policy formulation and advice

→Monitoring and evaluation

→Capacity building

→Knowledge and innovation hub

→Promoting best practices

KEY FEATURES-

→Think tank role

→Non-constitutional body

→Inclusive and participative approach

→Evidence-based policy making

→Focus on innovation and technology

→Collaborates with states and various stakeholders

IMPORTANT INITIATIVES-

→Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) India

→Aspirational Districts Programme

→Atal Innovation Mission

→Transforming India Awards

→Global Innovation Index