Basis

Review

Revision

Meaning

Review means re-consideration of a judgment by the same Court which passed it, to correct an error.

Revision means supervisory power of the High Court to correct jurisdictional errors of subordinate Courts.

Statutory Provision

Sec 114 + Order 47, CPC

Sec 115, CPC

Initiation

Aggrieved party

→ Aggrieved party

→High Court Suo Motu

Court

Same Court

High Court

Filing

→ After decree/order is passed

→ Before appeal is filed

→ Even if appeal is allowed but not yet preferred.

→ After subordinate Court order

→ When no appeal lies

→ When jurisdictional error exists.

Nature

Substantive & limited corrective power

Supervisory Jurisdiction

Grounds

→ Discovery of new evidence

→ Error apparent on face of record.

→ Any other sufficient reason.

→ Court exercised Jurisdiction not vested.

→ Failed to exercise Jurisdiction.

→ Acted illegally or with material irregularity.

Purpose

Aim

→ Consideration of new Evidence

→ Correction of apparent error.

→ Prevent miscarriage of justice

→ Self-correction mechanism

Aim

→ Correction of judicial error

→ Control over subordinate courts

→ Ensure proper administration of justice

→ Prevent misuse of authority.

Scope

Very narrow

Limited but wider than review

Right

Limited right

Discretionary power of Court

Requires

Specific ground

Jurisdictional defect

Evidence

Allowed

Not allowed

Reopening

Review may reopen case partially

Revision does not reopen case fully

Proceeding

Review is continuation of original proceeding

Revision is independent proceeding

Ensures

Justice in same court

Discipline in judiciary

Nature of remedy

Intra-Court remedy

Inter-Court remedy

Record

Rectification of record

Examination of record

Justice

Procedural Justice

Jurisdictional Justice

Procedure

Simple

Comparatively complex

Cannot be used for

Legal interpretation

Factual reassessment

Protection

Litigant's right

Judicial system integrity.